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Surface Superionic Conduction Enabled by In Situ Reaction-Constructed Li2TiO3@TiO2 Core-Shell Interfaces for

Yaohui Niu1, Zhonglong Zhao1, Yingbo Zhang1

  • 1Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Photovoltaic Technology and Energy Materials, School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel core-shell electrolyte using an in situ phase-transition strategy for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. This breakthrough enhances ion transport and resolves cell failure, paving the way for high-performance solid-state devices.

Keywords:
SOFCsTiO2core–shell heterostructureinterface modificationsurface superionic conduction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Ionics

Background:

  • Insulating materials are critical for electron blocking in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs).
  • Limited ion transport in insulators hinders electrochemical performance and causes cell failure.
  • Developing efficient electrolytes for LT-SOFCs remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer an electrolyte with efficient ion-transport pathways for LT-SOFCs.
  • To resolve cell failure issues associated with traditional insulator electrolytes.
  • To enhance the electrochemical performance of solid oxide fuel cells at low temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • In situ phase-transition strategy to create epitaxial core-shell structured electrolytes.
  • Utilized LiOH-TiO2 precursor for spontaneous self-assembly of Li2TiO3@TiO2 core-shell architecture.
  • Combined experimental characterizations with density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Main Results:

  • Successfully constructed Li2TiO3@TiO2 core-shell electrolyte with a surface superionic conductive layer.
  • Established continuous 3D fast-ion transport pathways along interfacial regions.
  • Achieved high ion conductivity (0.223 S/cm) and peak power density (759 mW/cm2) at 550°C.
  • Demonstrated effective power output (189 mW/cm2) at a low temperature of 390°C.
  • DFT calculations revealed enhanced charge transfer kinetics via synergistic interfacial effects.

Conclusions:

  • The in situ phase-transition induced core-shell structure strategy effectively creates surface superionic conduction.
  • This approach fundamentally resolves cell failure problems in insulator electrolytes for LT-SOFCs.
  • The developed electrolyte offers new opportunities for high-performance solid-state ion devices operating at low temperatures.