Clinical Applications of Theranostics.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Nuclear Medicine
• Radiochemistry

Background:

• Radiotheranostics merges molecular imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy for personalized cancer treatment.
• It utilizes radiolabeled agents that bind to tumor-specific targets, enabling visualization and treatment.
• The principle of "treat what you see" guides the integration of diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of the radiotheranostics field.
• To highlight its role in personalized cancer care.
• To discuss its evolution, applications, and future challenges.

Main Methods:

• Pairing targeting molecules (peptides, small molecules, antibodies) with diagnostic or therapeutic radioisotopes.
• Utilizing imaging modalities like positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for visualization.
• Administering beta and alpha emitters for targeted radionuclide therapy.

Main Results:

• Radiotheranostics has demonstrated improved outcomes in neuroendocrine tumors and prostate cancer.
• It offers a systemic alternative to external beam radiotherapy with personalized dosimetry.
• Real-time monitoring and individualized treatment are enabled by this approach.

Conclusions:

• Radiotheranostics is a rapidly advancing field with emerging applications in oncology.
• While generally safe, careful management of potential toxicities is necessary.
• Overcoming challenges in isotope supply, infrastructure, and training is crucial for broader clinical integration and its role in precision cancer care.