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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)01:14

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is the combination of analytical techniques of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in a single instrument for analyzing a mixture of compounds. The gas chromatograph separates the compounds in the mixture, and the mass spectrometer analyzes each compound separately to determine the molecular masses and molecular structures.
A gas chromatograph consists of a long, narrow capillary column with a polysiloxane coating on the inner wall. The coating...
Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
Gas Chromatography: Introduction01:13

Gas Chromatography: Introduction

Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique for separating and analyzing volatile compounds in a sample. Its primary purpose is to identify and quantify components in complex mixtures, making it essential in fields such as environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals. GC is also called vapor-phase chromatography (VPC) or gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC).
In GC,  a sample is vaporized and mixed with an inert carrier gas (the mobile phase), which transports it through a column.
Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors01:13

Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors

Detectors in gas chromatography (GC) help identify and quantify the components of a mixture by translating chemical properties into measurable signals, which are displayed on a chromatogram. Detectors can be categorized into two main types: destructive and non-destructive.
A non-destructive detector allows a sample to be analyzed without altering or consuming it, meaning the sample can be collected after detection for further analysis. Examples include thermal conductivity detectors and...
High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)01:15

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For example, the mass of helium...

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Updated: May 23, 2026

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
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Published on: March 29, 2016

Hydrogen Analysis by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

Vladislav V Lobodin1, Yensil Park1, Charles E A Finney1

  • 1Buildings and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6472, United States.

Analytical Chemistry
|May 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method directly detects hydrogen in complex mixtures. This approach overcomes limitations of traditional methods, enabling accurate hydrogen quantification and gas analysis in a single run.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Conventional hydrogen detection methods like gas chromatography with thermal conductivity detection (GC-TCD) and residual gas analyzers (RGAs) have limitations.
  • GC-TCD shows poor response with helium carrier gas, and RGAs lack separation, causing interference and hindering accurate hydrogen quantification.
  • Existing GC methods often require complex dual-column setups, limiting mass spectrometry (MS) compatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a robust gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for direct hydrogen detection and quantification.
  • To overcome the limitations of conventional hydrogen analysis techniques.
  • To enable simultaneous compositional profiling of complex gas mixtures.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel GC-MS method utilizing a modified electron ionization (EI) source and a cryogenically cooled single capillary column.
  • Employed helium as the carrier gas without dopants, reagent gases, or ion-molecule reaction schemes.
  • Optimized method parameters including sample-loop volumes and split ratios for enhanced peak shape and signal-to-noise ratio.

Main Results:

  • Achieved baseline separation of hydrogen from permanent gases and hydrocarbons in refinery gas mixtures.
  • Demonstrated excellent linearity, high sensitivity, and exceptional reproducibility for hydrogen detection.
  • Successfully quantified hydrogen at both trace and percent levels, alongside simultaneous analysis of other gas components.

Conclusions:

  • The developed GC-MS method offers a robust and efficient solution for direct hydrogen detection and quantification.
  • This technique overcomes significant limitations of traditional analytical approaches for hydrogen analysis.
  • The method's versatility allows for comprehensive compositional analysis of complex gas mixtures in a single analytical run.