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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
Magnetic Damping01:17

Magnetic Damping

Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...
Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires01:18

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the magnetic field at a point "P2", midway between the wires. Also, evaluate the magnetic field when the direction of the current is reversed in the second wire.
Eddy Currents01:25

Eddy Currents

Since eddy currents occur only in conductors, magnets can separate metals from other materials. For example, in a recycling center, trash is dumped in batches down a ramp, beneath which lies a powerful magnet. Conductors in the trash are slowed by eddy currents, while nonmetals in the trash move on, separating from the metals. This works for all metals, not just ferromagnetic ones.
Other major applications of eddy currents appear in metal detectors and the braking systems of trains and roller...

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Updated: May 23, 2026

A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings
08:23

A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings

Published on: September 30, 2019

Record-High Performance 2:17-type SmCo Magnets via Fe-Driven HRE Segregation.

Yu Pan1, Dong Huang1, Shunzhang Yuan1

  • 1Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion Materials for Advanced Motor, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|May 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new samarium cobalt (SmCo) magnets with high magnetic energy product and excellent temperature stability. This breakthrough overcomes the traditional trade-off, enabling advanced precision instruments for demanding applications.

Keywords:
2:17‐type SmCo magnetscellular structuremagnetic propertiesremanence temperature coefficienttemperature compensation effect

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Magnetism

Background:

  • High-performance samarium cobalt (SmCo) magnets are crucial for precision instruments operating across wide temperature ranges.
  • A persistent challenge is the trade-off between high magnetic energy product ((BH)max) and low remanence temperature coefficient (|α|), limiting device performance.
  • Conventional heavy rare-earth (HRE) substitution improves temperature stability but often reduces (BH)max.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overcome the inherent trade-off between (BH)max and |α| in SmCo magnets.
  • To develop a novel compositional design strategy for high-temperature-stable SmCo magnets.
  • To enable SmCo magnets for demanding applications in aerospace precision instruments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized first-principles calculations to understand the thermodynamic driving forces for HRE segregation.
  • Employed molecular field simulations to quantify the effect of HRE enrichment on temperature compensation.
  • Synthesized and characterized a series of SmCo magnets (Sm0.4Gd0.6(CobalFexCuyZr0.025)7.2) with varying Fe concentrations (x = 0.20-0.24).

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that increasing Fe concentration promotes HRE segregation into the 2:17R phase.
  • Showcased that HRE enrichment in the 2:17R phase enhances temperature compensation, mitigating the (BH)max vs |α| trade-off.
  • Achieved a record-high (BH)max of 18.8 MGOe and a low |α| of -0.012%/°C (20°C-300°C) in SmCo magnets with moderate Fe enrichment (x=0.22).

Conclusions:

  • Established a synergistic Fe-HRE compositional design strategy to break the (BH)max-|α| trade-off in SmCo magnets.
  • Developed a unified design framework integrating magnetic moment engineering and thermodynamic element distribution.
  • Paved a viable path for next-generation high-temperature-stable SmCo magnets for aerospace and other precision instrument applications.