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Updated: May 24, 2026

A Real-World High-Intensity Interval Training Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Improvement
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Published on: February 22, 2022

Principles of interval training: a practical and physiological teaching guide for educators.

Rachel Isaiah1, Victor Routier1, Ole J Kemi1

  • 1School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.

Advances in Physiology Education
|May 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) allows for greater exercise intensity and duration than traditional methods. This approach maximizes the benefits of physical activity by strategically alternating intense exercise with recovery periods.

Keywords:
exerciseintensityintermittentintervaltraining

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science
  • Human Kinetics

Background:

  • Physical activity and exercise training yield positive health effects, often intensity-dependent.
  • A greater exercise intensity generally correlates with a greater physiological effect.
  • The intensity-dependence of exercise benefits conflicts with the speed/power-duration relationship, limiting sustained high-intensity exercise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the principles of interval training for a physiology-savvy audience unfamiliar with exercise science.
  • To conceptualize the basics of interval training and its relationship with exercise intensity.
  • To provide a practical framework and lesson plan for teaching interval training.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptualization of interval training principles.
  • Explanation of intensity-dependence in exercise.
  • Development of a practical teaching framework for interval training.

Main Results:

  • Interval training, including high-intensity interval training (HIIT), enables accumulation of intense exercise beyond single-bout limits.
  • This training modality strategically intersperses high-intensity exercise bouts with recovery periods.
  • A framework is presented to bridge the gap between exercise physiology concepts and practical interval training instruction.

Conclusions:

  • Interval training is an effective modality for achieving greater exercise benefits through controlled intensity and recovery.
  • Understanding the principles of interval training is crucial for educators teaching physical activity and exercise.
  • The provided framework facilitates the teaching of appropriate interval training strategies to diverse audiences.