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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization01:21

IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization

Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
Among the sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridized orbitals, sp orbitals have the maximum s character (50%). Consequently, the electrons are held more closely to the nucleus, resulting in stronger and shorter C–H bonds that stretch at a...

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Updated: May 26, 2026

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
10:42

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Published on: March 22, 2019

Shortwave Infrared Upconversion Imaging with Tunable Dual-Resonance Microcavity.

Kangning Yu1,2, Dileep Kottilil2, Liangliang Liang3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.

Nano Letters
|May 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a cost-effective shortwave infrared (SWIR) imaging method using silicon cameras and photon upconversion nanoparticles. This approach offers high resolution at a lower cost than traditional InGaAs cameras.

Keywords:
Fabry-Pérot cavitydual resonanceshortwave infrared imagingsilicon photodetectorspectral tunabilityupconversion nanoparticle

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Shortwave infrared (SWIR) imaging is crucial for applications like night vision and industrial inspection.
  • Current InGaAs-based SWIR cameras are limited by high costs due to complex fabrication and cooling needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a cost-effective SWIR imaging solution using standard silicon cameras.
  • To enhance upconversion efficiency for improved SWIR imaging performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized NaYF4:Er@NaYF4 core-shell nanoparticles for photon upconversion.
  • Integrated nanoparticles within a tunable, dual-resonance Fabry-Pérot cavity.
  • Employed a standard silicon camera for detection.

Main Results:

  • Achieved up to 10^4-fold increase in upconversion intensity.
  • Enabled SWIR imaging at 1550 nm with sub-10 μm spatial resolution.
  • Demonstrated spectral tunability via spatially varying cavity length.

Conclusions:

  • The developed platform offers a scalable and cost-effective alternative to InGaAs-based SWIR imaging.
  • This technology leverages mature silicon technologies and cavity-enhanced photon upconversion.
  • Potential applications include silicon wafer alignment and low-visibility imaging.