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Updated: May 26, 2026

Multi-timescale Microscopy Methods for the Characterization of Fluorescently-labeled Microbubbles for Ultrasound-Triggered Drug Release
Published on: June 12, 2021
Synergistic effects of multi-frequency ultrasound on the physicochemical properties, molecular structure, and
Ling Hu1,2,3,4, Yi Wang1,2,3, Xiaorong Deng1,2,3
1School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China.
Abstract:
This study systematically evaluated Coregonus peled protamine sulfate (CPPS) extracted from Coregonus peled processing by-products using multi-frequency ultrasonication. Assessments covered three dimensions: structural indicators (particle size distribution, secondary structure, tertiary structure, microstructure), physicochemical properties (zeta potential, solubility, loss on drying, thermal stability), and functional characteristics (biological potency, heparin-binding capacity, cytotoxicity, and biological safety). Results indicate that compared to traditional extraction methods, CPPS obtained via multi-frequency ultrasonication (22 kHz + 28 kHz + 40 kHz) exhibits significant advantages in molecular framework, physicochemical properties, and application value. This confirms the scientific validity of the multi-frequency ultrasonic-assisted extraction method and further explores its core application value in the high-value utilization of Coregonus peled processing by-products. This approach provides an efficient and feasible technical pathway for the resource-efficient and functional development of aquatic processing waste.

