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Medication literacy scale for patients with chronic constipation.

Hiroko Takaki¹, Akihito Hagihara², Daisuke Kobayashi³

¹Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care Education Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy

|May 25, 2026

Summary

A new scale, the Medication Literacy Scale for Patients with Chronic Constipation (MLS-PCC), was developed to assess medication literacy in chronic constipation patients. This tool helps healthcare providers improve patient education and medication management.

Keywords:

Chronic constipation Laxatives Medication literacy Online survey Safe medication use Scale development Scale validation

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology and Pharmacy
Health Measurement Instrument Development

Background:

Chronic constipation (CC) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder.
Effective management of CC necessitates adequate medication literacy (ML) for patients to understand and manage their treatments, particularly laxatives.
Assessing ML is crucial for optimizing patient care and outcomes in CC.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a Medication Literacy Scale for Patients with Chronic Constipation (MLS-PCC).
To ensure the scale meets rigorous psychometric standards according to the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health measurement instruments guidelines.

Main Methods:

The MLS-PCC was developed through iterative item generation, qualitative pilot testing, and quantitative validation surveys.
An online cross-sectional survey was conducted with 423 adults diagnosed with CC in Japan.
Structural validity was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.

Main Results:

The final MLS-PCC consists of nine items across three subscales: functional, interactive, and critical.
The scale demonstrated good model fit (CFI=0.98, TLI=0.96, RMSEA=0.058) and satisfactory reliability (ω=0.84 for the total scale).
Higher ML scores were observed in women, individuals with higher education, those with comorbidities, and patients receiving care in specialty departments or on new laxative prescriptions.

Conclusions:

The MLS-PCC exhibits high content and structural validity, establishing it as a practical tool for assessing ML in CC patients.
This scale can aid pharmacists and healthcare professionals in enhancing patient education, communication, and promoting safe medication practices.
The MLS-PCC supports the optimization of care for individuals managing chronic constipation.