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A Framework for Designing Valid Manikin-Based Summative Assessments in Undergraduate Medical Education
Jannet Lee-Jayaram1, Alexander J Bos2, Dennis Bolger2
1SimTiki Simulation Center, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI USA.
None:
Manikin-based simulation is well established for formative use in undergraduate medical education, but its role in summative assessment is less defined, particularly in pre-clerkship learners. We describe a three-phase framework for developing valid and reliable manikin-based summative assessments aligned with program objectives. The framework integrates curriculum mapping, cognitive task analysis, structured scenario design, expert and near-peer testing, standard setting, and rater training. Lessons learned highlight common challenges such as test security, rater workload, and cognitive load. Practical tips and limitations are offered to guide replication at other institutions.
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