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Development of a Case-Based Learning Framework for Medical Education: A Scoping Review
Skye Nandi Adams1, Kelly Ann Kater1, Arshima Khan1
1Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, School of Human and Community Development, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Medical Science Educator
|May 25, 2026
Summary
This study developed a framework for case-based learning (CBL) in health professions education. The framework guides the creation of effective cases to enhance student engagement and reflective practice in medical education.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Health Professions Education
- Educational Frameworks
Background:
- Case-based learning (CBL) is a key strategy in medical education for assessing knowledge and clinical skills.
- Best practices for developing effective CBL cases remain debated.
- A structured approach is needed to support CBL case creation in theoretical and clinical courses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize existing literature on case-based learning (CBL).
- To develop a comprehensive framework for creating CBL cases in health professions education.
- To provide practical guidance for educators aligning CBL with competency-based medical education.
Main Methods:
- A scoping review guided by the Arksey and O'Malley framework.
- Searches conducted across CINAHL, ERIC, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases.
- Inclusion of 35 articles focusing on CBL in health professions education.
Main Results:
- A five-component framework for CBL was developed: content, structure, attributes and strategies, process and strategies, and outcomes.
- The framework supports student engagement, reflective practice, and technological integration.
- Included studies spanned medicine, nursing, physiotherapy, speech-language pathology, and interprofessional education.
Conclusions:
- The proposed framework offers practical guidance for designing and implementing effective CBL approaches.
- This model aligns with competency-based medical education principles.
- Future research could explore CBL in video-simulated case development.
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