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Related Concept Videos

Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?
08:49

External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?

Published on: June 6, 2020

BMI-Stratified Risk of Cesarean Delivery Following Labor Induction: A Robson Classification-Based Cohort Study with

Sait Erbey1, Gizem Aktemur2, Mehmet Alican Sapmaz1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, 06170 Ankara, Turkey.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Maternal obesity significantly increases cesarean delivery risk after labor induction, with higher body mass index (BMI) categories showing greater risk. A combined model integrating BMI, Bishop score, and parity offers improved pre-induction risk stratification.

Keywords:
Robson classificationbody mass indexcesarean deliverylabor inductionrisk stratification

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An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model
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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?
08:49

External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?

Published on: June 6, 2020

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model
05:37

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

Published on: September 16, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Maternal obesity is linked to adverse labor induction outcomes.
  • Limited real-world data exists stratified by WHO body mass index (BMI) classification and adjusted for parity.
  • The Robson Ten-Group Classification System is a standard for analyzing obstetric interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate labor induction outcomes stratified by WHO BMI categories.
  • To develop a multivariable model integrating BMI, Bishop score, and parity for pre-induction risk stratification.
  • To assess the predictive performance of the combined model compared to individual predictors.

Main Methods:

  • Single-center retrospective cohort study of 501 singleton term pregnancies undergoing labor induction.
  • Stratification by five WHO BMI categories (normal weight, overweight, Obese class I, II, III).
  • Cesarean delivery as the primary outcome; analyses included logistic regression and ROC analysis.

Main Results:

  • Cesarean delivery rates increased with BMI, from 17.1% (normal weight) to 52.2% (Obese class III).
  • Higher BMI independently predicted increased cesarean risk (aOR=1.489).
  • The combined model (BMI + Bishop score + parity) demonstrated superior predictive performance (AUC=0.715) compared to individual predictors.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated maternal BMI is an independent predictor of cesarean delivery risk following labor induction.
  • A combined multivariable model offers practical bedside risk stratification for labor induction.
  • External validation is recommended prior to widespread clinical implementation of the combined model.