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Related Concept Videos

Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
Types of Semiconductors01:20

Types of Semiconductors

Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...
Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The semiconductor's...

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  1. Home
  3. Hydrogel-based Semiconductors: Principles, Types, And Emerging Applications.
  1. Home
  3. Hydrogel-based Semiconductors: Principles, Types, And Emerging Applications.

Related Experiment Video

An Additive Manufacturing Technique for the Facile and Rapid Fabrication of Hydrogel-based Micromachines with Magnetically Responsive Components
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An Additive Manufacturing Technique for the Facile and Rapid Fabrication of Hydrogel-based Micromachines with Magnetically Responsive Components

Published on: July 18, 2018

Hydrogel-Based Semiconductors: Principles, Types, and Emerging Applications.

Md Murshed Bhuyan1, Kyungjun Lee1, Jae-Ho Jeong2

  • 1Department of Mechanical, Smart, and Industrial Engineering (Mechanical Engineering Major), Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hydrogel semiconductors offer flexible, ionically linked electronic interfaces, overcoming traditional material limitations. These advanced materials show promise for next-generation bioelectronic and thermoelectric devices.

Keywords:
biocompatibledopingelectronicsgels/hydrogelsemiconductor

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Electronics Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional semiconductors face limitations, driving the need for advanced alternatives.
  • Polymer-based materials, particularly hydrogels, offer unique properties for electronic applications.
  • Hydrogel semiconductors combine hydrated matrices with conductive polymers for novel interfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the design, preparation, applications, and future prospects of hydrogel-based semiconductors.
  • To provide a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles governing hydrogel semiconductor structure and function.
  • To highlight the potential of hydrogel semiconductors in next-generation electrical systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hydrogel semiconductor fabrication and characterization.
  • Analysis of material properties including volumetric capacitance, ion storage, transport capabilities, and electron mobility.
  • Evaluation of fabrication techniques such as additive-free casting and room-temperature crosslinking.

    • Main Results:

    • Hydrogel semiconductors exhibit soft, ionically linked electronic interfaces with excellent ion storage and transport.
    • Volumetric capacitances range from 1-485 F·cm-3, with electron mobilities up to 0.25 cm2/V·s.
    • Fabrication methods like additive-free casting and room-temperature crosslinking maintain high conductivity (>80%) after extensive mechanical cycling (>103 cycles).

    Conclusions:

    • Hydrogel semiconductors represent a promising alternative to traditional materials for advanced electronic applications.
    • Their unique properties and fabrication methods make them suitable for bioelectronic and thermoelectric devices.
    • Further research and development in hydrogel semiconductors can unlock their full potential in future electrical systems.