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Related Concept Videos

Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview

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Quantitative Signatures of Disassembly Mechanisms Modulating Filament and Bundle Assembly in a Shared Pool.

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Correction: Mahmud et al. Thymoquinone Attenuates NF-κβ Signalling Activation in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Under AMD-Mimicking Conditions. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2025, <i>26</i>, 11473.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression
10:48

Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression

Published on: May 15, 2014

Therapeutic Innovations for Monkeypox Inhibition.

Nayan De1, Jhuma Bhadra2,3, Md Sorique Aziz Momin4

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, John A. White, Jr. Engr. Hall Fayetteville, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biomaterials offer new synthetic strategies to combat Monkeypox virus (MPXV) by targeting viral proteins and enhancing vaccine development. These advanced approaches promise reduced transmission, fewer side effects, and solutions for viral resistance.

Keywords:
CRISPRMonkeypoxantiviralcombination therapynanotechnologypeptide nucleic acidsmall molecules

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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression
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Published on: May 15, 2014

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Virology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Monkeypox virus (MPXV) poses a significant global health threat.
  • Existing treatments face challenges including viral resistance and side effects.
  • There is a need for innovative therapeutic and prophylactic strategies against MPXV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging biomaterial-based strategies for MPXV treatment and prevention.
  • To highlight synthetic biomedical approaches targeting viral mechanisms.
  • To explore the potential of biomaterials in developing advanced MPXV vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Investigation of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) for antiviral activity.
  • Review of CRISPR-based gene-editing systems for MPXV targeting.
  • Analysis of small-molecule therapeutics and their mechanisms.
  • Evaluation of biomaterial integration with mRNA vaccine technology.

Main Results:

  • Synthetic platforms effectively target and inhibit viral proteins and enzymes.
  • Biomaterial applications show potential in reducing viral transmission and minimizing side effects.
  • These strategies offer solutions for overcoming human viral resistance.
  • Biomaterials enhance the stability and efficacy of mRNA-based vaccines.

Conclusions:

  • Biomaterial-driven antiviral systems represent a significant advancement in translational medicine.
  • These approaches hold promise for improved MPXV management and global health security.
  • Further research in this area is crucial for pandemic preparedness and awareness.