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Related Concept Videos

Stratified Sampling Method01:16

Stratified Sampling Method

Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a stratified sample, divide the population into groups called strata and then take a...
Susceptibility, Permittivity and Dielectric Constant01:26

Susceptibility, Permittivity and Dielectric Constant

When placed in an external electric field, a dielectric material gets polarized. The charge density in the dielectric material is given by the sum of the bound and free charge densities, while the total charge density can also be written in terms of the total electric field. The bound charge density can be measured in terms of polarization, leading to the relationship between electric displacement and polarization.
Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar
07:14

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar

Published on: May 1, 2018

StratGAN: Conditional Adversarial Network for Permittivity Inversion of Borehole Radar Data in Stratified Media.

Song Qing1,2, Ding Yang1,2, Raffaele Persico3

  • 1College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

StratGAN improves borehole radar permittivity inversion in stratified media by learning complex data mappings. This method enhances structural fidelity and boundary recovery, outperforming existing models in limited-sample conditions.

Keywords:
StratGANadversarial neural networkborehole radar (BHR)deep neural networksstratified media

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar
07:14

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar

Published on: May 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Machine Learning

Background:

  • Borehole radar (BHR) applications in stratified media face ill-posed permittivity inversion challenges.
  • Nonlinearity, limited data, noise, and restricted observation geometry cause instability and blurred boundaries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose StratGAN, a conditional generative adversarial network for enhanced permittivity inversion in stratified media.
  • To address instability and boundary ambiguity in BHR permittivity inversion.

Main Methods:

  • Developed StratGAN, a network using BHR waveform data as conditional input for end-to-end learning.
  • Employed conditional adversarial training with a generator and discriminator, constrained by a composite loss.
  • Integrated WGAN-GP with patch-based local discrimination for high-frequency details and geometric consistency.

Main Results:

  • StratGAN demonstrated superior performance over CNN and GPRNet in quantitative evaluations (MAE, R², SSIM).
  • Layered interfaces and anomaly boundaries were recovered more effectively.
  • Achieved an R² of 0.9533 on controlled measured data, significantly higher than GPRNet's 0.5598.

Conclusions:

  • StratGAN enhances the reliability and structural fidelity of BHR permittivity inversion, especially under limited-sample conditions.
  • The method shows practical applicability for controlled measured data, improving inversion accuracy.