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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

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Spatio-Temporal In Vivo Imaging of Ocular Drug Delivery Systems using Fiberoptic Confocal Laser Microendoscopy
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Astaxanthin Delivery Across Administration Routes: Recent Advances to Improve Stability and Bioavailability.

Laetitia Novelli1, Marco Cespi1, Diego Romano Perinelli1

  • 1Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy.

Pharmaceutics
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Astaxanthin (ASX), a potent antioxidant, faces bioavailability challenges due to its instability and lipophilicity. Formulation strategies are crucial for enhancing its stability, solubility, and therapeutic efficacy across various administration routes.

Keywords:
anti-agingchemical instabilitycosmeticsencapsulationnatural antioxidantsnutraceuticalsoralparenteralroutes of administrationtopical

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Published on: July 27, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Nutraceutical Science

Background:

  • Astaxanthin (ASX) is a xanthophyll carotenoid with significant antioxidant, cytoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects.
  • Its ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) makes it valuable for mitigating oxidative stress in chronic diseases.
  • ASX is of interest to pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries due to its health benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review conventional and innovative dosage forms of astaxanthin.
  • To explore formulation strategies for enhancing astaxanthin bioavailability and stability.
  • To analyze the implications of different administration routes for human health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of astaxanthin formulations and administration routes.
  • Analysis of encapsulation-based approaches for improving astaxanthin properties.
  • Evaluation of advantages and limitations of various formulation strategies.

Main Results:

  • Astaxanthin's lipophilicity, instability to light, heat, and oxygen limit its application.
  • Encapsulation and other formulation strategies can improve astaxanthin's stability, solubility, and bioavailability.
  • Oral administration is the most studied route, but alternative routes require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Formulation strategies are essential to overcome astaxanthin's physicochemical limitations.
  • Enhanced astaxanthin formulations can improve its therapeutic potential.
  • Further research is needed for optimizing formulations for alternative administration routes beyond oral delivery.