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Tracking ships with submarine cables: Unsupervised arrival time detection and event localization using distributed

Lukas Thiem1, Melvin Vaupel2, Susann Wienecke3

  • 1Department of Electronic Systems, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim 7491, Norway.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
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PubMed
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Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) effectively detects ships up to 1.6 km away using fiber optic cables. This technology enhances marine traffic monitoring and protects vital seabed infrastructure.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine geophysics
  • Ocean acoustics
  • Fiber optic sensing

Background:

  • Maritime safety and seabed infrastructure protection necessitate effective marine traffic monitoring.
  • Existing methods may have limitations in continuous, real-time surveillance.
  • Fiber-optic telecommunication cables offer a potential sensing network.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) for ship detection and localization.
  • To analyze ship-generated acoustic signals using persistent homology.
  • To assess the performance of DAS against Automatic Identification System (AIS) data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a seabed-trench fiber-optic cable in Trondheimsfjord, Norway for acoustic data acquisition.
  • Applying persistent homology to analyze continuous acoustic signals from ships.
  • Extracting and inverting arrival time curves for ship traveltimes and localization.

Main Results:

  • Persistent homology successfully identified arrival time patterns in DAS data.
  • Ships were accurately localized up to 1.6 km from the fiber optic cable.
  • DAS detected a vessel not present in AIS records, demonstrating added value.

Conclusions:

  • DAS is a promising technology for real-time marine traffic monitoring.
  • This method enhances maritime situational awareness and protects critical seabed infrastructure.
  • The approach can contribute to collision avoidance systems, including whale-ship strike mitigation.