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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

A Murine Model of Muscle Training by Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation
08:24

A Murine Model of Muscle Training by Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation

Published on: May 9, 2012

Open-Source Tools for Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Mouse Models: A Methodological Validation Study.

Bana H Odeh1, Amanda L Wellman1, Michael Ameye1

  • 1Physical Therapy Program, Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.

Muscles (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low-cost, open-source neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) tools, including 3D-printed electrodes and the StimJim stimulator, offer viable alternatives for mouse muscle function studies. These accessible options can replicate key experimental outcomes, supporting continued research despite commercial product discontinuation.

Keywords:
dysferlinopathyelectrodesmouse modelsneuromuscular electrical stimulationopen-sourcestimulators

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience and Physiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Animal Models of Disease

Background:

  • Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is crucial for investigating muscle function in both healthy and dystrophic mouse models.
  • The discontinuation of specific commercial NMES electrodes and stimulators poses a challenge for researchers.
  • Accessible, open-source alternatives are needed to maintain the continuity of research in muscle physiology and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate low-cost, open-source alternatives to discontinued commercial NMES equipment for mouse studies.
  • To compare the performance of custom 3D-printed and pen electrodes against a previously available commercial standard.
  • To assess the efficacy of the open-source StimJim stimulator against a discontinued commercial stimulator (Grass S48).

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted: one comparing electrode types and another comparing stimulators.
  • In vivo NMES was applied to ankle dorsiflexors in C57BL/6J and dysferlin-null BLAJ mice.
  • Twitch and tetanic torque were measured and analyzed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA.

Main Results:

  • Electrode comparison showed significant differences in twitch torque (p=0.031) but not tetanic torque (p=0.060) between types.
  • The StimJim stimulator produced lower twitch torque (p<0.001) compared to the Grass S48, but similar tetanic torque (p=0.055).
  • Open-source tools demonstrated comparable maximal tetanic torque, validating their utility for certain NMES applications.

Conclusions:

  • Open-source NMES electrodes and stimulators provide viable, cost-effective alternatives for mouse muscle function research.
  • While maximal tetanic force is comparable, researchers should consider potential differences in twitch torque and stimulation parameters.
  • These findings validate accessible tools, supporting ongoing research in neuromuscular physiology and disease modeling.