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Amebiasis01:28

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...

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Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
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Racial Differences in Prenatal Cannabis Screening Among Women at Elevated Risk for Substance Use and Sexually

Kristina Countryman1, Ananda Sen1,2, Dongru Chen1

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Journal of Midwifery & Women'S Health
|May 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Cannabis use during pregnancy is increasing. Black women were more likely to be screened for cannabis use than White women, suggesting a racial bias in clinical practice.

Keywords:
STIsbreastfeedingcannabispregnancyracial bias

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Public Health
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Cannabis use among pregnant individuals is rising, influenced by perceived safety and legalization.
  • National guidelines advocate for universal screening of substance use, including cannabis, during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess cannabis use frequency and reasons for use among pregnant women.
  • To examine patient-clinician communication regarding cannabis use during pregnancy.
  • To identify potential racial disparities in screening and counseling for cannabis use.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 176 pregnant women from a randomized controlled trial.
  • Assessed cannabis use frequency, reasons for use, and patient-clinician communication over four timepoints.
  • Utilized t-tests, chi-square tests, Fisher's exact tests, and logistic regression for data analysis.

Main Results:

  • 18.2% reported current cannabis use and 26.1% reported past year use at baseline.
  • Relaxation/tension relief was the most common reason for cannabis use.
  • Black women were significantly more likely than White women to be screened for cannabis use (aOR=4.09, P<.0001).

Conclusions:

  • Relaxation is a primary driver for cannabis use in pregnancy.
  • Evidence suggests a racial bias in clinical screening practices for cannabis use.
  • Systemic improvements in universal screening and counseling for cannabis use are necessary.