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Sculpting the Unseen: Innovations in Orbital Implants and Prosthetics
Saeideh Sadeghi1, Saharnaz Pezeshgi2, Mohammad Reza Abdol Homayuni2
1Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.
Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery
|May 28, 2026
Summary
Surgical advancements in enucleation, orbital implants, and prostheses have evolved significantly from ancient to modern materials. Ongoing research aims to further improve these devices for better patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Biomaterials Science
- Surgical Technology
Background:
- Enucleation surgery and the subsequent placement of orbital implants and prostheses present ongoing surgical challenges.
- The historical development of these procedures and devices reflects significant technological and material science advancements.
- Loss of an eye, whether congenital or traumatic, leads to profound physical and psychological distress for patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the historical evolution and current state of enucleation surgery, orbital implants, and prosthetic devices.
- To scrutinize the advancements in materials and forms of ocular prostheses, from early metal and glass to modern polymers and digital formats.
- To identify ongoing efforts and future directions in developing improved orbital implants and prostheses.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted on December 20th, 2023, across PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases.
- Relevant published papers focusing on orbital implants and prostheses were included without time restrictions.
- A total of 107 articles were screened for inclusion in this review.
Main Results:
- The use of implants and prostheses in ophthalmology dates back to ancient Egypt, demonstrating a long history of addressing ocular loss.
- Significant evolution in the shape and materials of orbital implants and prostheses has occurred over centuries.
- Despite advancements, challenges remain, driving continuous innovation in the field.
Conclusions:
- Enucleation surgery and associated technologies have seen substantial development, including improved surgical techniques and anesthetic methods.
- The study highlights the parallel evolution of surgical implants and prosthetic devices, mirroring advancements in materials and design.
- Continued research and development are crucial for overcoming existing limitations and enhancing patient quality of life through better ocular prostheses.
