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Related Concept Videos

Elaborative Rehearsals01:07

Elaborative Rehearsals

Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
The effectiveness of...
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

Temporal patterns in articulation underlying repetitions, prolongations and blocks.

Yijing Lu1, Louis Goldstein2, Christina Hagedorn3

  • 1Department of Linguistics, University of Potsdam, Germany.

Journal of Fluency Disorders
|May 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Stuttering involves two main oral articulatory patterns: fixation and oscillation. These patterns map complexly to perceived disfluency types, influenced by speech sounds.

Keywords:
Articulatory patternsReal-time magnetic resonance imagingState stuttering

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Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis
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Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis

Published on: August 9, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis
05:48

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis

Published on: August 9, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Speech production and acoustics
  • Linguistics and phonetics
  • Neurology of speech disorders

Background:

  • Stuttering disfluencies (repetitions, prolongations, blocks) are well-defined perceptually.
  • The underlying articulatory mechanisms of stuttering remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the articulatory basis of stuttering disfluencies.
  • Relate articulatory patterns to perceptual disfluency types and phonological features.

Main Methods:

  • Real-time MRI recorded speech from seven adults who stutter.
  • Extracted oral articulator and velic constriction trajectories for consonants.
  • Utilized k-medoids clustering with dynamic time warping to identify patterns.

Main Results:

  • Identified two primary oral articulator patterns: fixation (extended constriction) and oscillation (repeated cycles).
  • Velic patterns reflected nasality, not stuttering.
  • Articulatory-perceptual mapping was many-to-one/one-to-many, influenced by consonant manner.

Conclusions:

  • Stuttering is characterized by stable articulatory fixation and oscillation patterns.
  • The relationship between articulation and perception is complex and context-dependent.
  • Findings reveal an organized articulatory basis for stuttering beyond surface-level disfluencies.