Advances in small extracellular vesicle analysis

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as crucial mediator of intercellular communication, playing key roles in various physiological and pathological processes. Comprehensive sEV analysis has become increasingly important for understanding its molecular composition, biological functions, and potential applications in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. This chapter provides an overview of recent advances in sEV analysis, focusing on biomolecules including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and glycans. Furthermore, the application of various omics technologies (including proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, and glycomics) is discussed. These technologies have significantly expanded the understanding of sEV biology and function. By highlighting these latest developments in sEV analysis, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of this field.