Evaluation of robotic mobility-assistive devices for older adults: a mixed-methods online study

Maintaining mobility is crucial for older adults to support daily activities and independent living. Despite advancements in robotic assistive devices for walking and sit-to-stand (STS) assistance, their adoption among older adults remains limited, and research on their preferences is scarce. This study aims to better understand older adults' attitudes towards such devices using a mixed-methods online evaluation procedure.

The evaluation started with video presentations to demonstrate the design and functionality of three robotic devices, i.e. a STS assistive device, an exoskeleton device, and an exosuit device. Participants provided feedback via open questions and established scales after watching the videos. In total, N = 117 healthy participants (mean age: 67.7 years) completed the evaluation. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis, analyses of variance, and multiple regression analyses following a mixed-methods approach.

Participants mentioned more benefits than challenges but concerns were raised about ease of use, portability, and integration into everyday life. More challenges were reported for the exoskeleton compared to the sit-to-stand assistive device and the exosuit. Regression analyses predicting intention to use showed gender-based differences in preferences for the exoskeleton and exosuit.

Findings highlight usability, safety, and everyday integration as key factors for acceptance. While all three devices show potential, participants favoured the sit-to-stand device for its simplicity and reliability. Results underscore user-centered designs prioritising ease of use and adaptability, and demonstrate that online evaluations can guide early-stage development before costly prototyping.