Assistive technology devices for enhancing sleep quality: a scoping review

Area of Science:

• Sleep science
• Biomedical engineering
• Rehabilitation technology

Background:

• Sleep disturbances, including snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea, significantly impact health and sleep quality.
• Current assistive technology (AT) treatments like CPAP, oral appliances, and light therapy have limitations in cost, comfort, side effects, and patient adherence.
• A comprehensive understanding of available AT devices for sleep improvement is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically map and categorize assistive technology (AT) devices designed to enhance sleep quality in adults.
• To identify the types of AT devices studied for sleep improvement and their characteristics.

Main Methods:

• A scoping review methodology was employed, following PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
• Searches were conducted across four major databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO) and Google Scholar up to February 15, 2024.
• Studies involving adults (≥18 years) using AT devices for sleep quality improvement were included, with data extraction on study characteristics and device types.

Main Results:

• Out of 6,369 records, 51 studies met the inclusion criteria, identifying twelve distinct AT device types.
• Eye masks (n=18) and earplugs (n=16) were the most frequently researched devices.
• Devices were categorized into sensory modulation, airway support, and behavioral support, with variations in cost, complexity, and adherence observed, particularly for airway support devices.

Conclusions:

• A wide range of sleep-related AT devices exist, offering potential benefits but with variable usability and effectiveness.
• Personalized selection of AT devices, considering individual needs and functional capabilities, is crucial for optimal outcomes.
• Future research should focus on evaluating the real-world applicability and long-term usability of these sleep-enhancing technologies.