[Essentials of Cerebral Angiography:A Review in the Era of 3D Imaging]

In the era of advanced three-dimensional imaging technologies, cerebral angiography remains a fundamental modality for understanding dynamic cerebral hemodynamics. Although computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and 3D reconstruction techniques have markedly improved anatomical visualization, the ability to interpret two-dimensional angiographic images and mentally reconstruct vascular structures is increasingly important. This article revisits the core principles of diagnostic cerebral angiography, with an emphasis on practical insights that are often under-recognized in routine training. Key topics include preprocedural risk assessment, evaluation of vascular access route, radiation safety, optimal imaging angles for aneurysms visualization and mechanical thrombectomy planning, assessment of dural arteriovenous fistulas, and dynamic assessment of collateral circulation. By reorganizing these fundamental concepts, we highlight practical "Kandokoro" that bridge basic angiographic technique with therapeutic decision-making. This review aims to support the development of clinical judgment and angiographic interpretation skills in the era of advanced 3D imaging.