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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Published on: December 1, 2023

Inhaled Insulin Dosing in a Randomized Trial in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Jennifer Rittenberry¹, Joseph Sylvan¹, Leah-Elena Mycue¹

¹MannKind Corporation, Westlake Village, California.

AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes

|June 1, 2026

Summary

Technosphere insulin (TI) dosing often requires increases beyond initial recommendations for type 1 diabetes management. Patients frequently need higher TI doses for optimal glucose control.

Keywords:

glycemic control inhaled insulin insulin titration type 1 diabetes

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Published on: December 1, 2023

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Pharmacology
Diabetes Management

Background:

Technosphere insulin (TI) is an ultrarapid-acting inhaled insulin.
Current guidelines recommend specific conversion dosing from subcutaneous rapid-acting insulin analogs (RAAs).

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate TI dosing patterns when initiated at a higher conversion dose than U.S. Prescribing Information.
To characterize the titration needs of TI therapy.

Main Methods:

A multicenter, randomized trial involving adults with type 1 diabetes.
TI was initiated at a 2:1 TI-to-RAA unit conversion, rounded down, and titrated to glycemic targets.
Dosing data collected at baseline, 17, and 30 weeks.

Main Results:

Mean daily TI dose increased significantly from 36 U at baseline to 52 U at 30 weeks.
The TI bolus/basal ratio shifted from approximately 50%/50% to 70%/30%.
74% of participants required dose increases greater than 4 U by 30 weeks, with no new safety signals.

Conclusions:

Most participants required additional TI uptitration despite a higher initial conversion dose.
Clinical practice may necessitate higher TI unit dosing for individualized titration to achieve glycemic goals.