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Related Concept Videos

Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems01:22

Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems

Bioavailability is a critical pharmacological concept that measures the extent and rate at which an active drug ingredient or therapeutic moiety enters the systemic circulation, remaining unchanged. It's a pivotal factor in determining a drug's efficacy and safety.The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) plays an essential role in drug development by categorizing drugs into four classes based on their solubility and permeability. This classification aids in understanding drug absorption...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

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Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

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After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt secretion,...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement01:16

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Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Modified-release (MR) dosage forms are designed to extend drug release over time, thereby maintaining stable plasma concentrations and reducing dosing frequency. However, their bioavailability is typically below 100% due to incomplete drug release and presystemic metabolism, and limitations in drug permeability across the gastrointestinal epithelium, all of which can restrict the fraction of the drug reaching systemic circulation. Consequently, studying the in vivo bioavailability of MR...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Extraction and Analysis of Taiwanese Green Propolis
06:50

Extraction and Analysis of Taiwanese Green Propolis

Published on: January 7, 2019

Advanced Propolis Delivery: Strategies for Improved Bioavailability and Therapeutic Efficacy.

Greta Kaspute1, Tatjana Ivaskiene1, Stefan Stangaciu1

  • 1State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu St. 5, LT-08410 Vilnius, Lithuania.

ACS Omega
|June 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Propolis, a natural bee product, shows therapeutic potential but faces delivery challenges. Advanced drug delivery systems (DDS) improve propolis solubility, bioavailability, and efficacy for various health applications.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Extraction and Analysis of Taiwanese Green Propolis
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Published on: January 7, 2019

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Published on: March 1, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Natural Products Chemistry
  • Pharmaceutics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Propolis, a bee-derived resin, possesses diverse biological activities like antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.
  • Clinical use of propolis is hindered by poor water solubility, high viscosity, and low bioavailability.
  • Advanced drug delivery systems (DDS) are crucial for overcoming propolis formulation limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development and application of advanced DDS for propolis.
  • To highlight strategies enhancing propolis stability, solubility, and targeted delivery.
  • To explore propolis's role as a functional component in novel drug formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on propolis-based DDS, including nanoparticles, liposomes, hydrogels, niosomes, and self-microemulsifying systems.
  • Analysis of studies demonstrating improved mucosal penetration, cellular uptake, and controlled release.
  • Evaluation of computational modeling and formulation strategies for propolis optimization.

Main Results:

  • Lipid-based and nanostructured DDS significantly enhance propolis bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
  • Propolis formulations show promise in wound healing, dermatology, metabolic disorders, and hair growth.
  • Propolis acts as a beneficial matrix in DDS, offering structural and therapeutic advantages.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced DDS are essential for unlocking the full therapeutic potential of propolis.
  • Further research is needed for clinical validation, safety assessment, and addressing allergic concerns.
  • Integrating propolis into sustainable, AI-supported DDS represents a future direction for personalized medicine.