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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

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Incidence and Risk Factors for Lumbar Spondylolysis in Adolescent Rugby Players: A Prospective Study.

Jun Sakata1, Yuki Murata, Tatsuya Takahashi

  • 1TOYOTA Athlete Support Center, TOYOTA Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan.

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine : Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
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Lumbar spondylolysis is common in adolescent rugby players. Restricted hip external rotation and increased thoracic kyphosis are identified as key risk factors for this lower back injury.

Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Orthopedics
  • Pediatric Sports Injury

Background:

  • Lumbar spondylolysis is a stress fracture of the pars interarticularis.
  • Adolescent athletes, particularly those in high-impact sports like rugby, are susceptible to this injury.
  • Understanding incidence and risk factors is crucial for prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of lumbar spondylolysis in adolescent male rugby players.
  • To identify physical examination findings associated with an increased risk of developing lumbar spondylolysis.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study over a 9-month rugby season.
  • 185 adolescent male rugby players were assessed for hip range of motion and thoracic kyphosis.
  • Injury surveillance was conducted throughout the season to record lower back injuries.
Keywords:
cohort studiesepidemiologypreventive medicinerisk factorsrugbyspondylolysis

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Main Results:

  • A total of 25 players (14.4%) sustained a lower back injury.
  • 18 players (72.0% of those with lower back injuries) were diagnosed with lumbar spondylolysis.
  • Reduced right-sided passive hip external rotation and increased thoracic kyphosis angle were significantly associated with spondylolysis.

Conclusions:

  • Restricted hip external rotation flexibility and a rounded thoracic posture (kyphosis) are potential risk factors for lumbar spondylolysis.
  • These findings suggest that targeted physical assessments and interventions may help prevent injuries in young rugby players.