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Evaluation of Synapse Density in Hippocampal Rodent Brain Slices

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The Dickkopf Protein Family in Non-Neoplastic Disorders: Emerging Roles and Therapeutic Targeting.

Juju Zhou¹, Xiaoqian Zhu¹, Weihan Chen¹

¹Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.

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|June 3, 2026

Summary

Dickkopf (DKK) proteins regulate Wnt signaling and are crucial for development. Recent research highlights their roles in non-oncological diseases, suggesting potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

The Dickkopf (DKK) family (DKK1-4) are secreted glycoproteins.
DKK proteins antagonize the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
This pathway is vital for cellular proliferation, differentiation, development, and tissue homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent research (past three years) on DKK protein roles in non-oncological diseases.
To examine the potential of DKK proteins as diagnostic biomarkers.
To explore DKK proteins as therapeutic targets for non-oncological conditions.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature review.
Analysis of recent research findings (past three years).
Synthesis of data on DKK protein involvement in various diseases.

Main Results:

DKK protein dysregulation is linked to cancers.
DKK family members are implicated in osteoporosis, arthritis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), myocardial injury, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and alopecia.
DKK proteins show potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Conclusions:

DKK proteins play significant roles in diverse non-oncological diseases.
Further research into DKK proteins could lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Addressing challenges in DKK research is key for clinical applications.