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Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

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Overview of Feminizing Genital Gender-Affirming Surgery.

Megan McCracken¹, Kavita Mishra²

¹Division of Gynecologic Specialties, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.

Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America

|June 3, 2026

Summary

This article provides an overview of feminizing genital surgeries for transgender and gender diverse patients. It offers healthcare providers a framework for comprehensive post-operative care, screening, and support.

Keywords:

Gender-affirming surgery Transgender Vaginoplasty Vulvoplasty

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

Urology
Gynecology
Gender-affirming care

Background:

Increasing demand for gender-affirming surgeries within the transgender and gender diverse (TGD) population.
Need for healthcare providers, particularly gynecologists, to be equipped for TGD patient care.
Importance of specialized knowledge in feminizing genital surgeries and long-term management.

Purpose of the Study:

To offer gynecologists and healthcare providers an overview of feminizing genital surgeries.
To present a framework for delivering comprehensive ongoing care to TGD patients post-surgery.
To emphasize the importance of screening and support for TGD individuals.

Main Methods:

Literature review on feminizing genital surgeries.
Synthesis of best practices for post-operative care.
Development of a care framework for gynecologists.

Main Results:

Detailed overview of various feminizing genital surgical procedures.
Established guidelines for comprehensive follow-up care, including screening protocols.
Highlighted the critical role of healthcare providers in supporting TGD patients' long-term well-being.

Conclusions:

Gynecologists play a vital role in the surgical and long-term care of transgender and gender diverse patients.
A structured approach to care delivery enhances patient outcomes and satisfaction.
Continuous education and support are essential for healthcare providers serving the TGD community.