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Related Concept Videos

Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...
Blinding01:11

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
Controls in Experiments01:13

Controls in Experiments

When conducting an experiment, it is crucial to have control to reduce bias and accurately measure the dependent variables. It also marks the results more reliable. Controls are elements in an experiment that have the same characteristics as the treatment groups but are not affected by the independent variable. By sorting these data into control and experimental conditions, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables can be drawn. A randomized experiment always includes a...
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
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Published on: October 13, 2018

Say It My Way: Exploring Control in Conversational Visual Question Answering with Blind Users.

Farnaz Zamiri Zeraati1, Yang Trista Cao2, Yuehan Qiao1

  • 1University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI Conference
|June 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Blind users customized conversational visual question answering (VQA) systems, using prompt engineering to overcome limitations. This study offers insights for designing more accessible AI tools for visually impaired individuals.

Keywords:
Blind usersCustomizationGenerative AIPersonalizationPrompting strategiesVisual question answering (VQA)

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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Assistive Technology

Background:

  • General-purpose generative AI has established prompting and steering techniques.
  • Assistive visual question answering (VQA) tools for blind users often lack interaction customization.
  • Limited user control in VQA systems can be consequential for blind users relying on them for access.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how blind users customize interactions with a conversational VQA system.
  • To analyze prompting-based techniques used by blind users for VQA customization.
  • To identify interaction design insights for improving VQA systems for blind users.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 11 blind users to customize a real-world conversational VQA system.
  • Collected data from 418 interactions, user reflections, and post-study interviews.
  • Analyzed prompting techniques adopted by participants, including self-developed methods.

Main Results:

  • VQA interactions were lengthy, averaging 3 turns (up to 21), with short inputs and long responses.
  • The state-of-the-art LLM-based system had limitations in verbosity control, spatial/temporal estimation, image framing, and camera guidance.
  • Participants utilized prompt engineering to navigate and overcome system limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt engineering enables blind users to customize VQA interactions and mitigate system shortcomings.
  • Customization techniques are crucial for enhancing the usability and accessibility of VQA systems for visually impaired users.
  • The study provides a new dataset and actionable insights for designing more adaptive and user-centered VQA systems.