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Microfluidic Channel-Based Soft Electrodes and Their Application in Capacitive Pressure Sensing

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Localized Edge-Electrode Field Coupled with Acoustic Focusing Enables High-Sensitivity Impedance Detection in

Yongqi Chen¹, Xinrong Shi^2,3,4,5, Ziyu Han¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.

Analytical Chemistry

|June 5, 2026

Summary

A novel microfluidic device integrates acoustic waves and electrodes for label-free leukocyte analysis. This approach enhances detection sensitivity and enables accurate 3-part white blood cell classification for point-of-care testing.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Hematology
Microfluidics

Background:

Leukocyte analysis is crucial in clinical hematology for diagnosing infections and inflammation.
Conventional impedance flow cytometry faces challenges like signal variation and microchannel clogging.
Label-free cell analysis requires sensitive and reliable differentiation methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an integrated microfluidic device for enhanced leukocyte analysis.
To overcome limitations of existing impedance-based flow cytometry methods.
To achieve sensitive and accurate white blood cell subpopulation classification.

Main Methods:

A microfluidic device combining a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator and coplanar edge electrodes was designed.
The device utilizes acoustic streaming for 3D cell focusing and concentrated electric fields for detection.
Multifrequency impedance measurements characterized cell size and internal complexity.

Main Results:

The integrated design eliminated clogging risks and enhanced detection sensitivity by 5.04-fold.
Acoustic streaming enabled sheath-free, tunable 3D cell focusing, overcoming electric field nonuniformity.
The system achieved 3-part leukocyte classification comparable to hospital standards.

Conclusions:

The proposed microfluidic device offers a sensitive and clog-free platform for label-free leukocyte analysis.
The synergistic integration of BAW and electrodes improves cell positioning and detection.
This technology shows significant potential for practical medical diagnostics and point-of-care testing (POCT).