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Published on: September 12, 2016
Viral-induced autoimmune disorders: Mechanistic insights and emerging concepts
Aruna Rajalingam1, Anjali Ganjiwale2
1Department of Life Sciences, School of Biological and Forensic Sciences, Kristu Jayanti (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka 560077, India.
None:
Autoimmune disorders (ADs) result from a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers, with viral infections identified as primary causes. This review summarizes current evidence on how viruses-including Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Enteroviruses, and SARS-CoV-2-initiate and worsen autoimmunity. We explore established mechanisms such as molecular mimicry, bystander activation, and epitope spreading, while highlighting the emerging roles of maladaptive trained immunity and cytokine storms in chronic inflammation. Additionally, we discuss the bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and virus-induced immune failure. Understanding these layered interactions is crucial for developing biomarker-driven diagnostic and treatment strategies.
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