[Research progress in diagnostic key points of pediatric pathological myopia]

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Pediatric Medicine
• Medical Diagnostics

Background:

• Pathological myopia is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in China.
• Current diagnostic methods rely on advanced lesions and visual acuity decline, often too late for intervention.
• There is a lack of specific early diagnostic criteria for pediatric pathological myopia.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review recent research on pathological myopia pathogenesis and clinical manifestations.
• To propose core clinical manifestations for early childhood pathological myopia.
• To construct an early diagnostic system for childhood pathological myopia.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of recent research on pathological myopia.
• Identification of three core clinical manifestations: early-onset high myopia, rapid axial elongation, and fundus changes.
• Development of a multi-indicator diagnostic system.

Main Results:

• Proposed three core clinical manifestations for early childhood pathological myopia.
• Constructed an early diagnostic system based on a combination of indicators.
• Discussed differential diagnosis and future applications of imaging and AI.

Conclusions:

• An early diagnostic system for childhood pathological myopia is proposed.
• Multimodal imaging and AI show promise for early screening and monitoring.
• Timely identification and intervention are essential for managing childhood pathological myopia.