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Related Concept Videos

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Exploring the Pharmacological Action and Molecular Mechanism of Salidroside in Inhibiting MCF-7 Cell Proliferation and Migration
11:13

Exploring the Pharmacological Action and Molecular Mechanism of Salidroside in Inhibiting MCF-7 Cell Proliferation and Migration

Published on: June 9, 2023

Deciphering the PI3K-AKT-mTOR Signalling Pathway in Cancer: A Mechanistic Insight.

Chetana C Galav1, Somali Sanyal2, Sukriti Singh2

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj University, Maharashtra, India.

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
|June 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is crucial in cancer development. Inhibiting this pathway with targeted therapies and combination treatments offers new hope for effective cancer treatment.

Keywords:
.CancerPI3K-AKT-mTORdrug targetmonoclonal antibodiespathway inhibitionregulating cell growthsmall-molecule inhibitorstherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT-mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway regulates fundamental cellular processes like growth, survival, and proliferation.
  • Dysregulation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is implicated in the initiation and progression of numerous human cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanistic and structural aspects of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway in cancer treatment.
  • To discuss current and emerging therapeutic strategies, including combination therapies and overcoming resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mechanistic and structural complexities of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway components.
  • Analysis of current therapeutic strategies targeting PI3K, AKT, and mTOR.
  • Examination of resistance mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Aberrant PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling is linked to various cancers (breast, ovarian, gastric, lung, prostate, endometrial, laryngeal, hepatocellular carcinoma).
  • Small-molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies are key therapeutic agents.
  • Combination therapies show promise in enhancing efficacy and overcoming resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway presents a significant therapeutic opportunity in oncology.
  • Understanding and overcoming resistance mechanisms is critical for improving patient outcomes.
  • This review provides insights into evolving trends in cancer treatment targeting this pathway.