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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation02:47

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation

Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation
10:19

Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

Published on: July 18, 2017

Efficient and durable light-alkane oxidation over sintered Pt catalysts.

Xuan Tang1,2, Yang You1,2, Lei Ying3,4

  • 1Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China.

Nature Communications
|June 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Contrary to common belief, larger platinum particles, achieved through sintering, significantly boost propane oxidation catalysis. These larger particles resist deactivation, offering superior performance over highly dispersed ones.

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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

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Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether
09:21

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

Published on: August 17, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation
10:19

Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

Published on: July 18, 2017

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
12:08

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Published on: June 24, 2022

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether
09:21

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

Published on: August 17, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Catalysis science
  • Materials science
  • Surface chemistry

Background:

  • Nanoparticle sintering is usually a deactivation pathway for supported metal catalysts.
  • Maximizing metal dispersion is the typical strategy to enhance catalyst performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of pre-sintered platinum particles on light-alkane oxidation.
  • To challenge the conventional view of sintering as solely a deactivation mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized intentionally pre-sintered platinum particles (tens of nanometers) supported on magnesium aluminate.
  • Performed propane oxidation experiments at controlled temperatures.
  • Employed theory-guided adsorption calculations to understand surface phenomena.
  • Conducted controlled calcination experiments for validation.
  • Performed mechanistic analyses including stability tests under various feed conditions and hydrothermal aging.

Main Results:

  • Pre-sintered platinum catalysts exhibited significantly higher activity for propane oxidation compared to highly dispersed platinum nanoclusters.
  • The sintered catalyst achieved a turnover frequency 116-fold higher than nanoclusters at 220°C.
  • The temperature for 90% propane conversion was reduced from 360°C to 245°C.
  • The catalyst demonstrated excellent stability for 48 hours in both dry and water-containing feeds, and after hydrothermal aging.
  • Theory and experiments confirmed that oxygen-resistant metallic facets on larger particles mitigate oxygen poisoning.

Conclusions:

  • Intentionally sintered platinum particles offer enhanced activity and stability for propane oxidation, reversing the typical sintering deactivation trend.
  • Low-index metallic facets on larger platinum particles are crucial for sustained propane activation and resistance to oxygen poisoning.
  • Catalyst surface reconstruction under oxygen-rich conditions can lead to less active stepped surfaces, highlighting the importance of facet stability.