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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...

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  1. Home
  3. Drug-induced Sialolithiasis-a Big-data Retrospective Study.
  1. Home
  3. Drug-induced Sialolithiasis-a Big-data Retrospective Study.

Related Experiment Video

Standardization of Basket Use in Sialendoscopy: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study
09:36

Standardization of Basket Use in Sialendoscopy: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study

Published on: June 6, 2025

Drug-Induced Sialolithiasis-A Big-Data Retrospective Study.

Gal Avishai1,2, Gil Caspi3, Akhilanand Chaurasia4

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rabin Medical Centre, Petach-Tikva, Israel.

Oral Diseases
|June 11, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Common medications like those for neurologic, lipid, psychiatric, and blood pressure conditions increase sialolithiasis risk in older adults. This study confirms drug-induced sialolithiasis is a significant factor in stone formation.

Keywords:
big datadrughyposalivationmedicationsialolithiasisxerostomia

Related Experiment Videos

Standardization of Basket Use in Sialendoscopy: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study
09:36

Standardization of Basket Use in Sialendoscopy: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Pharmacology
  • Geriatric Medicine

Background:

  • Sialolithiasis (salivary stones) is multifactorial, with systemic medications suspected as a cause, especially in the elderly.
  • Evidence linking specific drug classes to sialolithiasis remains limited.
  • This study investigates the association between common medications and sialolithiasis in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between prevalent medication classes and sialolithiasis in an older Israeli population.
  • To provide robust evidence for the role of drug-induced hyposalivation in sialolithiasis etiology.

Main Methods:

  • A nationwide retrospective case-control study (2005-2024) utilized the Clalit Health Services database.
  • Sialolithiasis cases were matched 1:3 with controls by age and gender.
  • Logistic regression analyzed associations between sialolithiasis and specific medication classes (antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, psychiatric, neurologic, antidiabetic) after stratification.

    • Main Results:

    • The study included 32,088 individuals (8015 cases).
    • Neurologic (OR 1.31), antihyperlipidemic (OR 1.18), psychiatric (OR 1.16), and antihypertensive (OR 1.08) medications were significantly associated with increased sialolithiasis odds.
    • Antidiabetic medications showed no significant association.

    Conclusions:

    • This large-scale study strongly supports the concept of Drug-Induced Sialolithiasis.
    • Four common medication classes are independently associated with higher sialolithiasis risk in older adults.
    • Medication-induced hyposalivation is a major, quantifiable risk factor in sialolithiasis development.