[Acute scrotal pain : diagnostic and therapeutic protocol]

Acute scrotal pain is a common presentation in emergency and urological practice and encompasses a wide spectrum of etiologies ranging from benign conditions to true surgical emergencies. Because testicular torsion carries a narrow therapeutic window with rapid deterioration of testicular viability, early recognition and exclusion of torsion remain the cornerstone of initial evaluation. This protocol provides a structured, evidence-based approach to the assessment and management of acute scrotal pain, integrating anatomical considerations, key clinical features, and the main differential diagnoses.