Occlusion Management in Facial Trauma: A Literature Review

Post-traumatic malocclusion is a significant complication of facial trauma with broad functional consequences, including impairments in speech, breathing, mastication, and oral health. This literature review synthesizes current evidence on the adverse outcomes of inadequately managed malocclusion and describes the surgical and postoperative techniques used to restore premorbid occlusal relationships following facial trauma. Management strategies reviewed include maxillomandibular fixation, open reduction and internal fixation, occlusal splinting, and orthognathic surgery, each with distinct indications and technical considerations. Postoperative care incorporating elastic occlusal guidance and jaw physiotherapy further supports functional recovery.