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A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging

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Published on: June 16, 2023

Non-Destructive Characterization of Cultural Heritage Materials Using a Modified Acoustic Resonance Approach.

Filip Pantelić¹, Miloš Radomir Vasić², Marko Stojanović²

¹Academy of Technical and Art Applied Studies, 24 Starine Novaka St., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 12, 2026

Summary

A new non-contact acoustic method accurately measures mechanical properties of cultural heritage materials. This technique is reliable for stone and provides a new model for estimating the strength of porous unfired clay.

Keywords:

elements of earth architecture mechanical strength modulus of elasticity non-destructive testing porosity stone

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Cultural Heritage Preservation
Acoustics

Background:

Characterizing mechanical properties of cultural heritage materials is crucial for preservation.
Non-destructive techniques are preferred to maintain sample integrity.
Existing methods may have limitations for heterogeneous or porous materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and validate a modified acoustic resonance method (MARM) for non-destructive characterization of material properties.
To assess the applicability of MARM to materials with contrasting porosities (dense stone vs. porous unfired clay).
To develop a new model for estimating the strength of porous materials.

Main Methods:

A modified acoustic resonance method (MARM) using a two-microphone configuration for simultaneous, non-contact measurement of dynamic elastic modulus and damping.
Validation against impulse excitation technique (IET) and ultrasonic pulse velocity testing (UT).
Application to dense natural stone and highly porous unfired clay samples.

Main Results:

MARM showed strong concordance with IET and UT for dense stone, confirming reliability for homogeneous materials.
Unfired clay exhibited higher variability and damping, indicating challenges for conventional methods.
Conventional modulus-strength correlations were found unsuitable for unfired clay.

Conclusions:

MARM is a reliable non-destructive technique for evaluating mechanical properties of cultural heritage materials.
A novel strength estimation model incorporating modulus and porosity shows promise for porous materials.
The study provides a framework for consistent non-destructive evaluation, aiding preservation efforts.