ORAL HEALTH STATUS AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG PROFESSIONAL ATHLETES IN GEORGIA

The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health status of professional athletes in Georgia and to identify associated risk factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 470 professional athletes representing different sports disciplines and regions of Georgia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and standardized clinical examination performed under appropriate lighting conditions. Oral health was assessed using internationally recognized indices, such as DMFT (Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth Index), OHI-S (Green-Vermillion Oral Hygiene Index), PMA (Papillary-Marginal-Alveolar Index), CPI (Community Periodontal Index), BEWE (Basic Erosive Wear Examination), and TWES (Tooth Wear Evaluation System). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0. Dental caries prevalence was high (85.5%), with a mean DMFT score of 3.24±1.73 and a Significant Caries Index (SCI) of 4.94. A statistically significant association was observed between the frequency of sweet carbonated beverage consumption and caries intensity (Spearman rₛ=0.33; p<0.001). The mean OHI-S score was 1.73±1.29, indicating generally fair oral hygiene, although signs of gingival inflammation were common. According to the BEWE index, 58.7% of athletes had a low risk of erosive tooth wear, while 41.3% presented moderate to very high risk. Tooth wear was detected in 42.1% of athletes and showed a strong association with bruxism (p<0.001). In addition, psychological stress and dry mouth were significantly associated with higher caries intensity. The findings indicate a considerable burden of oral diseases among professional athletes in Georgia. These results highlight the need for preventive oral health programs, improved oral hygiene education, and the integration of regular dental screening into sports medicine practice. Oral health should also be considered an important component of overall athlete health and sports performance.