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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
International Pain and Spine Intervention Society Emergency Protocols: Oversedation
Patrick H Waring1, Fred DeFrancesch2, Kathryn Grace3
1Pain Intervention Center, Metairie, LA, USA.
None:
This protocol focuses on the prevention and management of oversedation associated with intravenous conscious sedation during interventional pain procedures. It reviews the pharmacology and risks of commonly used sedative agents, including benzodiazepines, opioids, and propofol. Management priorities include early recognition of respiratory depression, airway support, administration of reversal agents such as naloxone or flumazenil when indicated, continuous monitoring, and adherence to Basic Life Support/Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support protocols.
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