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The notochord: development, disease and stem cell-based modelling.

Julie Warin1, Tiago Rito2,3, James Briscoe3

  • 1Nantes Université, Oniris, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, France.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The notochord provides structural support and signals during development. Stem cell models are advancing our understanding of notochord formation and its role in spinal disc health and disease.

Keywords:
Human diseasesIntervertebral disc and spineNotochordSpinal cordStem cell models and organoidsTranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • The notochord, a key chordate feature, provides mechanical support and developmental signals.
  • Notochord-derived cells form the nucleus pulposus in mammalian intervertebral discs, crucial for spinal flexibility.
  • Understanding notochord development is vital for addressing spinal disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize current knowledge on notochord development from initiation to disc formation.
  • To highlight signaling pathways involved in axial mesoderm specification and notochord lineage commitment.
  • To review the application of stem cell-based models for studying notochord biology and related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of developmental biology literature.
  • Integration of single-cell molecular data.
  • Analysis of pluripotent stem cell-based models (monolayers, micropatterned systems, 3D organoids).

Main Results:

  • Detailed discussion of notochord initiation during gastrulation and subsequent disc formation.
  • Identification of key signaling pathways governing notochord development.
  • Demonstration that stem cell models recapitulate essential notochord formation processes.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell models offer powerful tools for disease modeling and regenerative applications related to the notochord.
  • Further research integrating developmental insights and stem cell innovations can advance understanding of tissue formation and homeostasis.
  • This work bridges basic research with translational applications for notochordal dysfunction and disc health.