Updates in ultrasound-guided MSK interventions.

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Radiology
• Interventional Medicine

Background:

• Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK-US) has transitioned from a diagnostic tool to a crucial modality for guiding minimally invasive interventions.
• Its real-time imaging, portability, and lack of ionizing radiation offer a safe, cost-effective alternative to fluoroscopy and CT.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the evolution and current applications of MSK-US in guiding musculoskeletal interventions.
• To highlight technological advancements enhancing precision and expanding MSK-US applications.
• To discuss the role of MSK-US in treating common musculoskeletal conditions and its potential in regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on MSK-US guided interventions.
• Discussion of technological advancements (high-frequency probes, microvascular imaging, needle-tracking, robotic steering).
• Analysis of clinical applications in treating conditions like De Quervain's disease, trigger finger, carpal tunnel syndrome, and epicondylitis.

Main Results:

• MSK-US is effective for biopsies, aspirations, injections, and percutaneous releases.
• Technological progress has improved precision, enabling interventions in complex areas like the spine and peripheral nerves.
• Ultrasound-guided treatments offer outcomes comparable to surgery with reduced morbidity for conditions like trigger finger and carpal tunnel syndrome.

Conclusions:

• Ultrasound-guided interventions are integral to modern musculoskeletal care, enhancing procedural safety and patient outcomes.
• Continued integration of advanced imaging, standardized protocols, and training will further solidify MSK-US's role.
• MSK-US guidance is expanding into regenerative medicine, though further validation of novel therapies is needed.