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Enhancement of Facial Rejuvenation Through a Combination of 1565 nm Non-Ablative Fractional Laser with 30% Supramolecular Salicylic Acid
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Heterogeneity in Clinical Outcomes Reporting in Minimally-Invasive Facial Rejuvenation: Is It Time for a Core
Adee J Heiman1, Brennen T McManus2, Dhriti Thogarchedu3
1. Research Fellow, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|June 15, 2026
Summary
Facial rejuvenation studies show significant outcome reporting inconsistencies. Developing a core outcome set is crucial for consistent and meaningful clinical trial results in aesthetic medicine.
Area of Science:
- Aesthetic Medicine
- Clinical Trials
- Outcome Measurement
Background:
- Outcome measurement in aesthetic medicine is complex due to subjective beauty standards, psychosocial influences, and non-standardized metrics.
- Inconsistent outcome reporting hinders physicians' ability to synthesize findings across studies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and analyze the outcomes and assessment scales used in clinical trials for minimally-invasive facial rejuvenation.
- To quantify the heterogeneity in outcome reporting within this field.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review of randomized control trials published between 2020-2025 focusing on non-operative or minimally-invasive facial and neck rejuvenation.
- Identification and categorization of reported outcome measurements, including investigator assessments, patient-reported outcomes, and objective metrics.
Main Results:
- 242 articles were included, revealing 79 investigator scales, 69 patient-reported scales, and 53 objective outcomes.
- No single outcome measure was used in over 40% of trials, indicating substantial heterogeneity.
- Significant variations in efficacy definitions and reported measures were observed across treatment types, facial regions, and funding sources.
Conclusions:
- Substantial heterogeneity exists in outcome reporting for facial rejuvenation studies.
- A consensus on a core outcome set is needed to ensure consistent and meaningful reporting in all clinical trials.
- Clinicians, researchers, and industry stakeholders should collaborate to establish standardized outcome measures.
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