Prussian blue-based nanoplatforms for programmable and synergistic antimicrobial therapy

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections pose a significant global health threat, demanding novel antimicrobial strategies.
• Prussian blue (PB) and its analogues offer unique properties, including catalytic activity and photothermal conversion, making them attractive for antimicrobial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the structure-performance relationship of Prussian blue nanoplatforms for antimicrobial applications.
• To highlight advancements in engineered PB nanostructures and their stimuli-responsive antimicrobial mechanisms.
• To critically assess the clinical translation potential of PB-based therapeutics.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on PB nanoplatforms for antimicrobial applications.
• Analysis of structure-property relationships, including defects and valence states.
• Evaluation of engineered PB nanostructures and their triggered antimicrobial behaviors.

Main Results:

• PB nanoplatforms exhibit tunable catalytic and physicochemical properties influenced by structural defects and valence states.
• Engineered PB nanostructures demonstrate programmable antimicrobial activity triggered by endogenous and exogenous stimuli.
• PB-driven mechanisms include reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, hyperthermia, and controlled iron release.

Conclusions:

• Prussian blue nanoplatforms represent a promising strategy for developing advanced therapeutics against complex infectious diseases.
• Rational design based on structure-performance understanding is crucial for optimizing PB-based antimicrobial agents.
• Further investigation into clinical translation aspects like synthesis consistency and immunocompatibility is warranted.