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Free-Breathing Fat Quantification Using a Phase Error-Corrected Cartesian Acquisition With Spiral Profile Ordering.

Philipp Braun1, Jonathan Stelter1, Stefan Ruschke1

  • 1Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

A novel free-breathing MRI technique accurately maps abdominal fat fraction (PDFF) at high resolution. Phase corrections significantly improved image quality and reduced bias in liver and pancreas PDFF quantification.

Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Medical Physics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Proton density fat fraction (PDFF) mapping is crucial for assessing liver and pancreatic diseases.
  • Existing MRI techniques often require breath-holding, limiting patient comfort and scan efficiency.
  • High-resolution, free-breathing abdominal PDFF mapping remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a phase-corrected, time-interleaved multi-echo gradient echo Cartesian acquisition with spiral profile ordering (TIMGRECASPR) for abdominal PDFF mapping.
  • To demonstrate the technique's flexibility and self-gating capabilities at high isotropic resolutions (3T).
  • To assess the accuracy and homogeneity of PDFF quantification in the liver and pancreas.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a methodological framework to correct phase errors from eddy currents and concomitant gradients in TIMGRECASPR.
Keywords:
Cartesian spiral profile ordering (CASPR)free‐breathingisotropic resolutionphase errorsproton density fat fraction (PDFF)time‐interleaved multi‐echo gradient echo

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  • Optimized sequence parameters using XCAT simulations and validated in phantoms and in vivo.
  • Compared liver and pancreatic PDFF, T2*, and homogeneity against a clinical Cartesian breath-hold technique in five healthy volunteers.
  • Main Results:

    • Phase corrections successfully mitigated peripheral PDFF bias, particularly at higher resolutions.
    • Liver PDFF maps showed improved homogeneity with accurate quantification (0.6% bias, 0.11% wSD).
    • Pancreatic boundaries were clearly visualized, yielding accurate PDFF maps (1.1% bias, 0.37% wSD).

    Conclusions:

    • The developed free-breathing TIMGRECASPR sequence is feasible for abdominal PDFF mapping at 3T.
    • Accounting for phase errors is essential for accurate, high-resolution PDFF quantification.
    • The technique offers sampling flexibility and inherent self-gating capabilities.