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Tonsillitis II: Management

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This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...

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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults

CO₂-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults

Published on: November 6, 2019

Nonpharmacologic Therapy for Pediatric Posttonsillectomy Pain: A Systematic Review.

Justina T Sargios¹, David Kayekjian¹, Shaun A Nguyen¹

¹Department of Otolaryngology-Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

|June 17, 2026

Summary

Nonpharmacologic therapies like acupuncture and sugar-free gum significantly reduce pediatric posttonsillectomy pain. Some interventions also lower bleeding risk, supporting their use as adjuncts.

Keywords:

nonpharmacologic pediatric posttonsillectomy pain

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults

CO₂-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults

Published on: November 6, 2019

Area of Science:

Pediatric Pain Management
Evidence-Based Medicine
Complementary Therapies

Background:

Posttonsillectomy pain is a significant concern in pediatric care.
Effective pain management strategies are crucial for recovery.
Nonpharmacologic therapies offer potential adjuncts to pharmacologic treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the efficacy of nonpharmacologic interventions for pediatric posttonsillectomy pain.
To identify specific nonpharmacologic therapies that reduce pain and/or postoperative bleeding.

Main Methods:

A systematic review of studies from CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Scopus.
Inclusion of studies on nonpharmacologic interventions for pediatric posttonsillectomy pain.
Standardization of pain scores (0-10 scale) and analysis of means, proportions, and confidence intervals.

Main Results:

Several nonpharmacologic interventions showed significant pain reduction at 6 hours postoperatively, including acupuncture, ice cream, cartoon distraction, and lavender essence inhalation.
Sugar-free gum was effective in reducing pain by postoperative Day 7.
Salvia officinalis, cold diet, and activity restrictions were associated with reduced postoperative bleeding.

Conclusions:

Nonpharmacologic therapies such as acupuncture, sugar-free gum, distraction, and certain essential oil therapies can effectively manage pediatric posttonsillectomy pain.
Some interventions may also decrease the risk of postoperative bleeding.
These findings support the integration of nonpharmacologic adjuncts in pediatric posttonsillectomy care, pending further high-quality research.