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Spatiotemporally Encoded Plasmonic Structural Coloration for Multilevel Information Encryption and

Shaofeng Guo¹, Lin Zheng¹, Jia Liu¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|June 18, 2026

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This study introduces a novel dynamic coloration platform using pixelated moisture-sensitive resonators for enhanced information capacity. It enables spatiotemporally encoded structural colors and multilevel encryption without external systems.

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Materials Science
Information Security

Background:

Metasurface-based dynamic structural colors are crucial for displays and security.
A key challenge is achieving spatiotemporally encoded colors to boost information capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a spatiotemporally encoded dynamic coloration platform using pixelated moisture-sensitive Fabry-Pérot resonators.
To enable multilevel information encryption and enhance information capacity.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of pixelated Fabry-Pérot resonators with tailored gold layer porosity and thickness.
Tuning moisture-driven response times of individual resonators from seconds to minutes.
Utilizing localized water molecule diffusion kinetics for self-regulation.

Keywords:

anticounterfeiting moisture-sensitive FP resonator multilevel information encryption plasmonic dynamic structural color spatiotemporally encoded metasurface

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Main Results:

Experimental demonstration of a spatiotemporally encoded dynamic coloration platform.
Precise tuning of resonator response times (2s to minutes) via localized material properties.
Successful implementation in humidity-time dual-lock encryption and time-cascaded QR codes.
Demonstrated stability across wide humidity (30-90% RH) and temperature (20-70 °C) ranges, and observation angles (0-70° viewing, 0-90° polarization).

Conclusions:

The developed platform offers a new pathway for spatiotemporally encoded plasmonic structural coloration and multilevel information encryption.
The system exhibits high stability and adaptability, showing great potential for high-security, high-capacity information security applications.
This work advances active meta-optics for innovative security solutions.