Fathers in the shadow of pregnancy: a qualitative study on couvade syndrome in expectant fathers

To examine the physical, emotional, and relational responses of expectant fathers and to elucidate how Couvade-related phenomena influence couple dynamics.

This qualitative study was conducted between July 2025 and October 2025 with nine married couples (n = 18). A total of 27 interviews were carried out, including 18 individual interviews and 9 joint couple interviews. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide developed by academic midwives, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis.

Five main themes were identified: sharing of bodily reflections, emotional sensitivity and anxieties, questioning of masculinity norms, changes in relationship closeness and dynamics, and construction of fatherhood identity with supportive partnership. Findings revealed that Couvade syndrome extends beyond physiological symptoms, transforming men's emotional experiences, strengthening partner communication, and contributing significantly to the preparation for fatherhood.

This study highlights that Couvade syndrome is not limited to physical manifestations but also represents a multidimensional process involving emotional sensitivity, relationship changes, questioning of masculinity norms, and construction of a fatherhood identity. Expectant fathers are not passive observers of pregnancy but active partners in this journey.