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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Pioneering Patient-Specific Approaches for Precision Surgery Using Imaging and Virtual Reality
06:18

Pioneering Patient-Specific Approaches for Precision Surgery Using Imaging and Virtual Reality

Published on: April 5, 2024

Virtual reality modeling for multidisciplinary surgical planning for complex single ventricular physiology.

Anokha Nathan1, Dhruvil A Patel2, Priya Nair2

  • 1College of Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. anathan4@uchicago.edu.

The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
|June 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Virtual reality models aid surgical planning for single-ventricle patients. A 3D VR model accurately estimated ventricular size, confirming Fontan completion in a pediatric case with congenital heart disease.

Keywords:
Congenital heart diseaseFontan repairSingle ventricleVirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Surgical Technology

Background:

  • Selecting between biventricular repair and Fontan completion for single-ventricle patients is challenging, especially in borderline cases.
  • Accurate assessment of ventricular chamber size is crucial for determining the optimal surgical strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the utility of a 3D virtual reality (VR) model in surgical planning for a complex pediatric congenital heart disease case.
  • To evaluate the VR model's accuracy in estimating ventricular chamber size and predicting surgical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A 3D VR model was developed using CT scan imaging data from a 34-month-old child with single-ventricle physiology.
  • The VR model simulated both virtual biventricular repair and Fontan completion scenarios.
  • Surgical outcomes, including outflow tract adequacy after simulated patching and baffle rerouting, were assessed within the VR environment.

Main Results:

  • The VR model accurately estimated the patient's ventricular chamber size, supporting the decision for Fontan completion.
  • Simulation of virtual biventricular repair revealed inadequate outflow tracts, reinforcing the choice of Fontan completion.
  • The VR model facilitated a shared, intuitive platform for multidisciplinary team discussion and consensus.

Conclusions:

  • 3D virtual reality modeling is a valuable tool for surgical planning in complex congenital heart disease.
  • VR technology enhances the accurate estimation of ventricular size and prediction of surgical feasibility.
  • VR provides an effective platform for collaborative decision-making among surgical and medical teams in pediatric cardiac surgery.